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Fault Reactivation Hazard
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Fault
Reactivation: Photo Gallery |
Index |
Diagnostic Characteristics |
Geographic Occurrence |
Investigation
& Mitigation |
Key Contacts & Expert Advice
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Photo
Gallery | Essential References &
Further Reading
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Subject:
Fault Reactivation Description: Air
Photograph to demonstrate how the reactivation of the Tableland fault
and associated network of complex fissures can influence the
geomorphology of entire moorland slopes.
Location: South Wales
Credit Line: © Dr Laurance J
Donnelly, Not to be copied or used with our permission &
acknowledgement. |
Subject:
Fault Reactivation Description: The
Tableland and Aber fault scarps and associated fissures on moorland
plateaux in South Wales, reach 4m high and 3-4km long.
Location: South Wales
Credit Line: © Dr Laurance J
Donnelly, Not to be copied or used with our permission &
acknowledgement. |
Subject:
Fault Reactivation Description: The
Tableland fault influences surface and groundwater flow and having a
distinct affect on the landscape.
Location: South Wales
Credit Line: © Dr Laurance J
Donnelly, Not to be copied or used with our permission &
acknowledgement. |
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Subject:
Fault Reactivation Description:
Uphill facing fault scarp above the crest of Troedrhiwfuwch landslide,
west side of the Rhymney Valley.
Location: South Wales
Credit Line: © Dr Laurance J
Donnelly, Not to be copied or used with our permission &
acknowledgement. |
Subject:
Fault Reactivation Description: A
typical South Wales reactivated fault scarp (the Tableland Fault), 3-4 m
high and 4 km long, an uphill facing scarp on moorland plateaux beyond
the crown of the Darren Goch Landslide in the Garw Valley. This may have
been exacerbated by mining subsidence. Where the scarps pass close to
valley sides they may induce first time slope failures. Movement on
faults may reactivate existing landslides, cause first time failure of
slopes and displace stream valleys, Tableland fault, South Wales.
Location: South Wales
Credit Line: © Dr Laurance J
Donnelly, Not to be copied or used with our permission &
acknowledgement. |
Subject:
Fault Reactivation Description: The
3-4m high and 4km long Tableland Fault scarp, which has influenced the
Darren Goch landslide and displaced stream valleys, South Wales.
Location: South Wales
Credit Line: © Dr Laurance J
Donnelly, Not to be copied or used with our permission &
acknowledgement. |
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Subject:
Fault Reactivation Description: The
Tableland fault scarp and the deep-seated, slump-earthflow, Darren Goch
landslide; note how the scarp has displaced the post-glacial stream
channels.
Location: South Wales
Credit Line: © Dr Laurance J
Donnelly, Not to be copied or used with our permission &
acknowledgement. |
Subject:
Fault Reactivation Description: A
typical South Wales fault scarp representing several phases of
reactivation, probably initiated by valley deglaciation and exacerbated
by mining subsidence. These form distinct, extensive topographic
features which may reach at least 4m high and 3-4km long. These
influence surface drainage and groundwater flow and landsliding
(including first time failures and reactivation of existing landslides).
Location: South Wales
Credit Line: © Dr Laurance J
Donnelly, Not to be copied or used with our permission &
acknowledgement. |
Subject:
Fault Reactivation Description:
Ground fissure on moorland plateau above the Darren Goch landslide.
Location: South Wales
Credit Line: © Dr Laurance J
Donnelly, Not to be copied or used with our permission &
acknowledgement. |
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Subject:
Fault Reactivation Description:
Distinct, narrow, steep-sided ground fissures on moorland plateaux above
the Darren Goch and Darren Ddu landslides.
Location: South Wales
Credit Line: © Dr Laurance J
Donnelly, Not to be copied or used with our permission &
acknowledgement. |
Subject:
Fault Reactivation Description:
Distinct, narrow, steep-sided ground fissures on moorland plateaux above
the Darren Goch and Darren Ddu landslides.
Location: South Wales
Credit Line: © Dr Laurance J
Donnelly, Not to be copied or used with our permission &
acknowledgement. |
Subject:
Fault Reactivation Description:
Nelson-Dowlais, 1.2m diameter, VHP (very high pressure) gas main,
exposed in a trench for monitoring, where it crosses the Gelligaer
fault. The reactivation of the fault caused damage to road surfaces and
was accompanied by severe compressive strains. Distinct, narrow,
steep-sided ground fissures on moorland plateaux above the Darren Goch
and Darren Ddu landslides.
Location: South Wales
Credit Line: © Dr Laurance J
Donnelly, Not to be copied or used with our permission &
acknowledgement. |
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Subject:
Fault Reactivation Description:
Reactivation of the Gelligaer fault during mining subsidence causing the
generation of a fault scarp across the road surface. Distinct, narrow,
steep-sided ground fissures on moorland plateaux above the Darren Goch
and Darren Ddu landslides.
Location: South Wales
Credit Line: © Dr Laurance J
Donnelly, Not to be copied or used with our permission &
acknowledgement. |
Subject:
Fault Reactivation Description:
Severe ground compression associated with the reactivation of the
Gelligaer Fault casing buckling and compression of kerbstones. Distinct,
narrow, steep-sided ground fissures on moorland plateaux above the
Darren Goch and Darren Ddu landslides.
Location: South Wales
Credit Line: © Dr Laurance J
Donnelly, Not to be copied or used with our permission &
acknowledgement. |
Subject:
Fault Reactivation Description: The
distinct, 1m high, 3-4km long, Dowlais fault scarp. Distinct, narrow,
steep-sided ground fissures on moorland plateaux above the Darren Goch
and Darren Ddu landslides.
Location: South Wales
Credit Line: © Dr Laurance J
Donnelly, Not to be copied or used with our permission &
acknowledgement. |
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Subject:
Fault Reactivation Description:
Multiple sets, graben and scarps in the vicinity of the Darren Ddu
landslide. A complex, deep-seated rotational slump-earthflow with rock
falls (upper). The scarps exceed 4m high and 4km long (lower). Distinct,
narrow, steep-sided ground fissures on moorland plateaux above the
Darren Goch and Darren Ddu landslides
Location: South Wales
Credit Line: © Dr Laurance J
Donnelly, Not to be copied or used with our permission &
acknowledgement. |
Subject:
Fault Reactivation Description:
Dilated fissures in close proximity to the Darren Ddu landslide.
Location: South Wales
Credit Line: © Dr Laurance J
Donnelly, Not to be copied or used with our permission &
acknowledgement. |
Subject:
Fault Reactivation Description:
Widened fissures, cambered, rotated and detached blocks of Pennant
Measures sandstone caprock along the valley crests adjacent to the
Darren Ddu landslide.
Location: South Wales
Credit Line: © Dr Laurance J
Donnelly, Not to be copied or used with our permission &
acknowledgement. |
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Subject:
Fault Reactivation Description: Early
stages of the reactivation of the Newcastle Fault, Staffordshire, in
1994, causing cracking to a road surface in the vicinity of a private
house.
Location: Staffordshire
Credit Line: © Dr Laurance J
Donnelly, Not to be copied or used with our permission &
acknowledgement. |
Subject:
Fault Reactivation Description:
Compression to a 5.0 m high retaining wall, caused by fault reactivation
and subsidence, Eastwood Hall, Nottinghamshire, UK.
Location: Eastwood Hall, Nottinghamshire
Credit Line: © Dr Laurance J
Donnelly, Not to be copied or used with our permission &
acknowledgement. |
Subject:
Fault Reactivation Description:
Barlaston church, Staffordshire, UK, was severely damaged by mining
induced fault reactivation. The church was partially rebuilt, the tilted
and damaged tower and the historical Wedgwood family graves stones
repaired.
Location: Barlaston, Staffordshire
Credit Line: © Dr Laurance J
Donnelly, Not to be copied or used with our permission &
acknowledgement. |
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Subject:
Fault Reactivation Description:
Tension to terraced houses in Nottinghamshire caused by fault
reactivation.
Location: Nottinghamshire
Credit Line: © Dr Laurance J
Donnelly, Not to be copied or used with our permission &
acknowledgement. |
Subject:
Fault Reactivation Description:
Damage to houses caused by the mining-induced reactivation of the Hopton
Fault, Oulton, Staffordshire, UK.
Location: Oulton, Staffordshire.
Credit Line: © Dr Laurance J
Donnelly, Not to be copied or used with our permission &
acknowledgement. |
Subject:
Fault Reactivation Description:
Lateral shear of kerbstones, with no observable vertical displacement,
in the early 1990s, during the reactivation of the Hollybush (Millbank)
Fault, Silverdale. Reactivation of the Rhos fault required the expose of
the Dowlais to Nelson VHP (very high pressure) gas main.
Location: Silverdale
Credit Line: © Dr Laurance J
Donnelly, Not to be copied or used with our permission &
acknowledgement. |
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Subject:
Fault Reactivation Description: Road
repairs in Barlaston village, West Midlands (Longton Road) caused by the
generation of a ramp (fault scarp) during the reactivation of a fault.
Location: Barlaston, Staffordshire
Credit Line: © Dr Laurance J
Donnelly, Not to be copied or used with our permission &
acknowledgement. |
Subject:
Fault Reactivation Description:
Repairs to Wedgwood Drive, Barlaston, Staffordshire, UK, caused by the
reactivation of the Crowcrofts Fault. This generated a scarp at least
1.0 m high and 1.5 km long, during multiple phases of reactivation from
the 1960s to 1990s.
Location: Barlaston, Staffordshire
Credit Line: © Dr Laurance J
Donnelly, Not to be copied or used with our permission &
acknowledgement. |
Subject:
Fault Reactivation Description:
Damaged to repaired road surface, Wedgwood Drive, Barlaston,
Staffordshire, UK, caused by the reactivation of the Crowcrofts Fault.
Location: Barlaston, Staffordshire
Credit Line: © Dr Laurance J
Donnelly, Not to be copied or used with our permission &
acknowledgement. |
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Subject:
Fault Reactivation Description:
Severe damage to a house in Barlaston Staffordshire caused by fault
reactivation and compression, the house was subsequently demolished and
rebuilt.
Location: Barlaston, Staffordshire
Credit Line: © Dr Laurance J
Donnelly, Not to be copied or used with our permission &
acknowledgement. |
Subject:
Fault Reactivation Description:
Reactivation of the Crowcrofts Fault at Wedgwood gas main. This
generated a scarp at least 1.0 m high and 1.5 km long, during multiple
phases of reactivation from the 1960s to 1990s.
Location: Barlaston, Staffordshire
Credit Line: © Dr Laurance J
Donnelly, Not to be copied or used with our permission &
acknowledgement. |
Subject:
Fault Reactivation Description:
Reactivation of the Crowcrofts Fault at Wedgwood gas main. This
generated a scarp at least 1.0 m high and 1.5 km long, during multiple
phases of reactivation from the 1960s to 1990s.
Location: Barlaston, Staffordshire
Credit Line: © Dr Laurance J
Donnelly, Not to be copied or used with our permission &
acknowledgement. |
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Subject:
Fault Reactivation Description:
Reactivation of the Crowcrofts Fault at Wedgwood gas main and the
expulsion of groundwater plumes at the fault scarp.
Location: Barlaston, Staffordshire
Credit Line: © Dr Laurance J
Donnelly, Not to be copied or used with our permission &
acknowledgement. |
Subject:
Fault Reactivation Description:
Reactivation of the Crowcrofts Fault at Wedgwood gas main and the
expulsion of groundwater plumes at the fault scarp.
Location: Barlaston, Staffordshire
Credit Line: © Dr Laurance J
Donnelly, Not to be copied or used with our permission &
acknowledgement. |
Subject:
Fault Reactivation Description:
Reactivation of the Rhos fault required the expose of the Dowlais to
nelson VHP (very high pressure) gas main. This was monitored for strain
accumulations and ground deformation during the mining of a longwall
panel from Taff Merthyr. This monitoring programme resulted in the
reduction of mining and damage was limited to the generation of a small
scarp and cracking of the road surface.
Location: South Wales
Credit Line: © Dr Laurance J
Donnelly, Not to be copied or used with our permission &
acknowledgement. |
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Subject:
Fault Reactivation Description:
Reactivation of the Apedale Fault at a new housing estate, Knutton,
Staffordshire, showing the evolution of a fault scarp. (A) Tilted
lamp-post (note the string on the lamp post), 10.12.62.
Location: Knutton, Staffordshire
Credit Line: © Dr Laurance J
Donnelly, Not to be copied or used with our permission &
acknowledgement. |
Subject:
Fault Reactivation Description:
Reactivation of the Apedale Fault at a new housing estate, Knutton,
Staffordshire, showing the evolution of a fault scarp. (B). Tilting
ground surface and slight tilt to house, 3.01.63.
Location: Knutton, Staffordshire
Credit Line: © Dr Laurance J
Donnelly, Not to be copied or used with our permission &
acknowledgement. |
Subject:
Fault Reactivation Description:
Reactivation of the Apedale Fault at a new housing estate, Knutton,
Staffordshire, showing the evolution of a fault scarp. (C) Ramp across
road and compression of kerbstones, 29.01.63.
Location: Knutton, Staffordshire
Credit Line: © Dr Laurance J
Donnelly, Not to be copied or used with our permission &
acknowledgement. |
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Subject:
Fault Reactivation Description:
Reactivation
of the Apedale Fault at a new housing estate, Knutton, Staffordshire,
showing the evolution of a fault scarp. (D). Repaired road surface, but
continuation of fault movements, increase in height of the fault scarp
and renewed compression (note original compressed kerbstones still in
place), 7.03.63.
Location: Knutton, Staffordshire
Credit Line: © Dr Laurance J
Donnelly, Not to be copied or used with our permission &
acknowledgement. |
Subject:
Fault Reactivation Description:
Reactivation of the Apedale Fault at a new housing estate, Knutton,
Staffordshire, showing the evolution of a fault scarp. (E) Further
repairs to road surface and pavement, but renewed activity along fault
and increase in tilt of lamp-post (note string) and house, 3.04.63.
Location: Knutton, Staffordshire
Credit Line: © Dr Laurance J
Donnelly, Not to be copied or used with our permission &
acknowledgement. |
Subject:
Fault Reactivation Description:
Reactivation of the Apedale Fault at a new housing estate, Knutton,
Staffordshire, showing the evolution of a fault scarp. (F) Compression
of pavement flag-stones in the vicinity of the fault scarp.
Location: Knutton, Staffordshire
Credit Line: © Dr Laurance J
Donnelly, Not to be copied or used with our permission &
acknowledgement. |
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Subject:
Fault Reactivation Description:
Reactivation of the Apedale Fault at a new housing estate, Knutton,
Staffordshire, showing the evolution of a fault scarp.
Location: Knutton, Staffordshire
Credit Line: © Dr Laurance J
Donnelly, Not to be copied or used with our permission &
acknowledgement. |
Subject:
Fault Reactivation Description:
Reactivation of the Apedale Fault at a new housing estate, Knutton,
Staffordshire, showing the evolution of a fault scarp.
Location: Knutton, Staffordshire
Credit Line: © Dr Laurance J
Donnelly, Not to be copied or used with our permission &
acknowledgement. |
Subject:
Fault Reactivation Description:
Reactivation of the Kilkenny Fault, South Wales, UK causing severe
damage (compression) and buckling to the Cardiff to Taff Merthyr railway
tracks.
Location: South Wales
Credit Line: © Dr Laurance J
Donnelly, Not to be copied or used with our permission &
acknowledgement. |
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Subject:
Fault Reactivation Description:
Reactivation of the Kilkenny fault, in 1990, this generated a 1m high
scarp, which caused damage to a railway bridge and severe compression of
the Cardiff to Merthry railway line.
Location: South Wales
Credit Line: © Dr Laurance J
Donnelly, Not to be copied or used with our permission &
acknowledgement. |
Subject:
Fault Reactivation Description:
Reactivation of the Kilkenny fault, in 1990, this generated a 1m high
scarp, which caused damage to a railway bridge and severe compression of
the Cardiff to Merthry railway line.
Location: South Wales
Credit Line: © Dr Laurance J
Donnelly, Not to be copied or used with our permission &
acknowledgement. |
Subject:
Fault Reactivation Description:
Reactivation of the Kilkenny fault, in 1990, this generated a 1m high
scarp, which caused damage to a railway bridge and severe compression of
the Cardiff to Merthry railway line.
Location: South Wales
Credit Line: © Dr Laurance J
Donnelly, Not to be copied or used with our permission &
acknowledgement. |
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Subject:
Fault Reactivation Description:
Reactivation of the Rhos fault required the expose of the Dowlais to
nelson VHP (very high pressure) gas main.
Location: South Wales
Credit Line: © Dr Laurance J
Donnelly, Not to be copied or used with our permission &
acknowledgement. |
Subject:
Fault Reactivation Description:
Fissuring of a road during Reactivation of the Rhos fault required the
expose of the Dowlais to nelson VHP (very high pressure) gas main.
Location: South Wales
Credit Line: © Dr Laurance J
Donnelly, Not to be copied or used with our permission &
acknowledgement. |
Subject:
Fault Reactivation Description:
Lateral shear along the outcrop position of the Hollybush Fault,
Staffordshire, UK. Note the 0.1 to 0.3 m of shear displacements to the
kerbstones, paving slabs and the building’s wall. Reactivation of the
Rhos fault required the expose of the Dowlais to Nelson VHP (very high
pressure) gas main.
Location: Staffordshire
Credit Line: © Dr Laurance J
Donnelly, Not to be copied or used with our permission &
acknowledgement. |
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Subject:
Fault Reactivation Description:
Reactivation of a fault across the southbound carriageway of the M6
motorway, in 1996 at Keele Services, Staffordshire. Reactivation of the
Rhos fault required the expose of the Dowlais to Nelson VHP (very high
pressure) gas main.
Location: Keele Services, M6, Staffordshire
Credit Line: © Dr Laurance J
Donnelly, Not to be copied or used with our permission &
acknowledgement. |
Subject:
Fault Reactivation Description:
Reactivation of the Inkersall Fault, Derbyshire, generating a graben,
which caused widespread damage to two schools, houses, roads and walls
in the late 1980s and 1990s. Reactivation of the Rhos fault required the
expose of the Dowlais to Nelson VHP (very high pressure) gas main.
Location: Derbyshire
Credit Line: © Dr Laurance J
Donnelly, Not to be copied or used with our permission &
acknowledgement. |
Subject:
Fault Reactivation Description:
Reactivation of the Inkersall Fault, Derbyshire, generating a graben,
which caused widespread damage to two schools, houses, roads and walls
in the late 1980s and 1990s. Reactivation of the Rhos fault required the
expose of the Dowlais to Nelson VHP (very high pressure) gas main.
Location: Derbyshire
Credit Line: © Dr Laurance J
Donnelly, Not to be copied or used with our permission &
acknowledgement. |
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Subject:
Fault Reactivation Description:
Severe compression of a cast-iron grid cover during the reactivation of
a fault at Barlaston, Staffordshire in 1992.
Location: Barlaston, Staffordshire
Credit Line: © Dr Laurance J
Donnelly, Not to be copied or used with our permission &
acknowledgement. |
Subject:
Fault Reactivation Description:
Severe damage to a vicarage caused by fault reactivataion, Bednall,
Staffoprdshire in 1994.
Location: Bednall, Staffordshire
Credit Line: © Dr Laurance J
Donnelly, Not to be copied or used with our permission &
acknowledgement. |
Subject:
Fault Reactivation Description:
Fissuring associated with the reactivation of a fault, Downes Bank,
Staffordshire. This caused disruption to underground communications
cables. The fault is exposed in a trench and the ground stabilised using
a geotextile mesh and granular fill.
Location: Downes Bank, Staffordshire
Credit Line: © Dr Laurance
J Donnelly, Not to be copied or used with our permission &
acknowledgement |
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Subject:
Fault Reactivation Description:
Fissuring associated with the reactivation of a fault, Downes Bank,
Staffordshire. This caused disruption to underground communications
cables. The fault is exposed in a trench and the ground stabilised using
a geotextile mesh and granular fill.
Location: Downes Bank, Staffordshire
Credit Line: © Dr Laurance J
Donnelly, Not to be copied or used with our permission &
acknowledgement. |
Subject:
Fault Reactivation Description:
Fissuring associated with the reactivation of a fault, Downes Bank,
Staffordshire.
Location: Downes Bank, Staffordshire
Credit Line: © Dr Laurance J
Donnelly, Not to be copied or used with our permission &
acknowledgement. |
Subject:
Fault Reactivation Description: Shear
displacements along the Llanwonno fault, with no visible vertical ground
movements along the fault (Note the lateral shear of the terraced houses
and paving).
Location:
Credit Line: © Dr Laurance J
Donnelly, Not to be copied or used with our permission &
acknowledgement. |
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Subject:
Fault Reactivation Description: Shear
displacements along the Llanwonno fault, with no visible vertical ground
movements along the fault (Note the lateral shear of the terraced houses
and paving).
Location:
Credit Line: © Dr Laurance J
Donnelly, Not to be copied or used with our permission &
acknowledgement. |
Subject:
Fault Reactivation Description:
Reactivation of the Hopton Fault and the generation of a fault scarp 1 m
high, Rough Close, Staffordshire.
Location: Rough Close, Staffordshire
Credit Line: © Dr Laurance J
Donnelly, Not to be copied or used with our permission &
acknowledgement. |
|
Index |
Diagnostic Characteristics |
Geographic Occurrence |
Investigation
& Mitigation |
Key Contacts & Expert Advice
|
Photo
Gallery | Essential References &
Further Reading
|